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China Dependence, Trade Risk & Strategic AutonomyAutomotive, machinery, chemicals, and capital-goods exports create deep China exposure for flagship firms and supplier regions
Coalition Politics & the Meloni EraRight-wing coalition governance has been more stable than many expected
Defence Industry, Nuclear Deterrence & War EconomyFrance met NATO's 2% target in 2025 and announced accelerated plans to double military spending by 2027
Energy Costs, Industrial Policy & Climate TransitionItaly's industrial base is highly exposed to imported gas and high electricity costs
EU Defence, Rearmament & Industrial CapacityCan Europe finance, procure, and coordinate defence capability—not only debate strategic autonomy rhetoric?
European Rearmament & Defence Industrial BaseWhether Europe can produce at scale what NATO plans require—ammunition, air defence, ships, and repair capacity.
Foreign Policy: China, Ukraine & the Middle EastUS strategy centers on Indo-Pacific competition while managing European and Middle East crises