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Alliances & MultilateralismAlliances provide security but also create obligations and entanglements
Arctic Sovereignty, Defence & NATO Burden-SharingArctic warming opens the Northwest Passage and intensifies Russia, China, and US interest
China, Critical Infrastructure & Strategic AutonomySpain is increasingly caught in U.S.-China infrastructure politics beyond Brussels rhetoric
China, Foreign Interference & Indo-Pacific StrategyElection interference inquiries, diaspora politics, and university research security dominate debate
China, Ports, Supply Chains & Strategic AutonomyItaly's China question spans ports, luxury, machinery exports, telecoms, EVs, shipping, and industrial supply chains
Defence Industry, Nuclear Deterrence & War EconomyFrance met NATO's 2% target in 2025 and announced accelerated plans to double military spending by 2027
Defence, Bundeswehr Modernisation & European SecurityZeitenwende promised a structural shift after Russia's invasion of Ukraine; delivery remains uneven
Defence, Mediterranean Security & NATO Burden-SharingItaly is a Mediterranean power—Libya, central Mediterranean routes, Red Sea, migration, and energy corridors shape security
Defence, NATO & Strategic PostureSpain faced NATO pressure over defence spending—among the lowest shares in the alliance at roughly 1.28% of GDP in 2024
EU Defence, Rearmament & Industrial CapacityCan Europe finance, procure, and coordinate defence capability—not only debate strategic autonomy rhetoric?
European Rearmament & Defence Industrial BaseWhether Europe can produce at scale what NATO plans require—ammunition, air defence, ships, and repair capacity.
Foreign Policy: China, Ukraine & the Middle EastUS strategy centers on Indo-Pacific competition while managing European and Middle East crises
France in Europe, NATO & AfricaFrance positions as a leading EU military and diplomatic power post-Brexit
Iran-Israel Escalation CycleDirect and proxy confrontation risk between Iran and Israel across multiple theaters
Korean Peninsula Nuclear StandoffPersistent military confrontation and nuclear deterrence instability on the Korean peninsula
Military Readiness, Ammunition & Procurement BottlenecksWhether allies can fight long enough—stocks, maintenance, manpower, and acquisition systems.
Sahel Insurgency and Governance CrisisLinked jihadist insurgencies, coups, and governance breakdown across parts of the Sahel
South China Sea Maritime DisputesCompeting maritime claims, militarization, and freedom-of-navigation tensions in the South China Sea
U.S. Relations, Trade Dependency & Strategic AutonomyCanada is structurally dependent on the US market, security guarantees, politics, and supply chains
Ukraine-Russia ConflictWar between Russia and Ukraine following Russian invasion in 2022
US Leadership, Trump Pressure & Alliance DependenceHow US domestic politics and burden-sharing rhetoric reshape NATO confidence and European autonomy debates.
Vox, Populism & Social CohesionVox grew on migration, territorial unity, and cultural backlash themes
Ukraine Support, Long War & NATO CredibilityHow long-term aid, escalation limits, and end-state ambiguity test alliance unity on Ukraine.